This book aims to introduce students to the field of molecular biotechnology, emphasizing the principles and applications of recombinant DNA technology. It covers gene cloning, expression systems, and the production of biopharmaceuticals. The book also deals into genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics, highlighting their roles in biotechnology. Ethical, regulatory, and commercial aspects of biotechnology are discussed to provide a well-rounded perspective. Designed for undergraduate and graduate students, it combines theoretical knowledge with practical insights from industry. Supplementary materials include laboratory exercises, case studies, and access to online resources.