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Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013) was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and the first woman to hold the office. Known as the "Iron Lady" for her uncompromising leadership style and conservative policies, she was a transformative and often polarizing figure in British and global politics.

Leading the Conservative Party, she championed free-market economics, privatization of state-owned industries, reduced the power of trade unions, and emphasized individual responsibility. Her approach came to be known as "Thatcherism."

Thatcher played a major role on the world stage during the Cold War, maintaining a close alliance with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, and leading Britain through the Falklands War in 1982. Domestically, her tenure reshaped the British economy but also sparked controversy and protests, particularly in response to social cuts and the poll tax.

She resigned in 1990 after losing support within her own party, but her legacy continues to spark debate — admired by many for revitalizing Britain's economy and criticized by others for increasing inequality and social division.