Robotics and automation have rapidly evolved from niche technological concepts to central pillars of modern industry and society. What once belonged to the realm of science fiction is now an integral part of how we produce, communicate, transport, and even care for one another. Understanding the foundations of these technologies is essential to grasp how they are reshaping the future of work.

The journey of robotics dates back to ancient times with early mechanical inventions, but it wasn't until the 20th century that programmable machines began to take shape. The term "robot" gained popularity in the early 1920s, yet the real development of industrial robotics didn't gain momentum until the 1960s, when the first robotic arms were introduced into assembly lines. Since then, robotics has grown exponentially, encompassing everything from humanoid robots to autonomous drones and AI-driven service machines.

Automation, often linked closely with robotics, refers to the use of technology to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. While automation began with simple mechanical devices, today it incorporates advanced software, machine learning algorithms, and sensor networks. Modern automation extends beyond factories and is now seen in financial services, healthcare, logistics, agriculture, and even our homes. From smart thermostats to self-checkout systems, the influence of automation is becoming ever more visible in daily life.