Globalization is a complex and multifaceted process that has shaped the modern world in profound ways. It refers to the increasing interconnectedness of societies, economies, and cultures across national borders. This phenomenon has accelerated over the past few decades due to advancements in technology, transportation, and communication, making it easier for people, goods, services, and ideas to move across the globe. While globalization is often associated with economic integration, it also has significant social, political, and cultural dimensions.

Historically, globalization can be traced back to ancient trade routes such as the Silk Road, which facilitated exchanges between distant civilizations. The Age of Exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries further expanded global interactions as European nations established colonies and trade networks around the world. However, modern globalization is distinct in its speed and scale. The 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed unprecedented levels of global integration, driven by technological innovations like the internet, satellite communication, and air travel. These advancements have made it possible for businesses to operate internationally, for cultures to influence one another more rapidly, and for individuals to access information from virtually anywhere.