Fathers and Children (also translated as Fathers and Sons) is a novel by Russian author Ivan Turgenev, first published in 1862. It is widely regarded as one of the great works of 19th-century Russian literature. The novel explores the generational and ideological conflicts between the older, more traditional generation and the younger, more radical one, set against the backdrop of Russia's social and political changes.

The story follows Arkady Kirsanov, a young graduate, who returns to his family estate with his friend, Yevgeny Bazarov. Bazarov is a self-proclaimed nihilist who rejects traditional values and beliefs, advocating for rationalism and science. His presence sparks tension with Arkady's father, Nikolai, and uncle, Pavel, who represent the older generation's values of romanticism and aristocracy.

As the novel progresses, Bazarov's nihilistic worldview is challenged by his interactions with others, particularly through his complex relationship with Anna Odintsova, a wealthy widow, and his eventual confrontation with his own mortality.