Zoopathology is the branch of veterinary science that focuses on the study of diseases affecting animals in the wild. This field plays a crucial role in understanding how diseases emerge, spread, and impact wildlife populations. It also explores the complex interactions between animals, pathogens, and their environments. In essence, zoopathology is essential for safeguarding wildlife health, preventing disease outbreaks, and maintaining biodiversity. This chapter aims to introduce the foundational concepts and importance of zoopathology, as well as the role of zoopathologists in wildlife health management.

At its core, zoopathology examines the nature and cause of diseases affecting animals in their natural habitats. Unlike traditional veterinary medicine, which deals primarily with domesticated animals, zoopathology is concerned with wild species that often face different environmental challenges and stressors. These animals are exposed to a wide range of pathogens, from viruses and bacteria to parasites and fungi, all of which can have devastating effects on their populations. Understanding the mechanisms behind these diseases is critical for developing effective strategies to control their spread.

One of the key aspects of zoopathology is its interdisciplinary nature. It draws from various fields, including microbiology, epidemiology, ecology, and genetics. By integrating knowledge from these areas, zoopathologists are able to identify the underlying causes of disease outbreaks, track their transmission, and predict their future course. This helps inform conservation efforts, as well as public health initiatives aimed at preventing zoonotic diseases—those that can be transmitted from animals to humans.