Ethical hacking, often referred to as "white-hat hacking," involves the practice of intentionally probing computer systems, networks, or web applications to find and fix vulnerabilities. Unlike malicious hackers who exploit weaknesses for personal gain, ethical hackers use their skills to identify security flaws and improve an organization's overall cybersecurity posture. The role of an ethical hacker is not only about finding vulnerabilities but also about preventing potential breaches and reducing the impact of future cyberattacks.

At its core, ethical hacking aims to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. With the increasing frequency of cyberattacks, ethical hackers play a critical role in the digital world, offering services to both private and public organizations. These hackers use the same techniques as cybercriminals, but their work is sanctioned and aimed at improving security rather than causing harm.

One of the key differences between ethical hackers and malicious hackers is the legal framework under which they operate. Ethical hackers must obtain permission from the system owners before conducting tests, ensuring that their actions are lawful. This distinguishes them from cybercriminals who may breach systems without authorization, which is illegal and punishable under law. The act of hacking without consent is a criminal offense, but ethical hackers work within a legal and controlled environment to reduce risks and vulnerabilities.