Data privacy refers to the right of individuals to have control over their personal information and the expectation that this data will be handled responsibly. It is about ensuring that sensitive data—such as health records, financial details, identification numbers, and online activity—is not accessed or shared without consent. This concept is not new, but it has taken on a whole new level of urgency in the digital era. With data becoming a key currency in the global economy, companies often collect more information than is necessary, and in many cases, users are unaware of what they are agreeing to when they accept privacy policies or terms of service.

The evolution of privacy has mirrored the advancement of technology. In the early days, privacy was mainly about physical spaces—having the right to keep personal matters behind closed doors. But now, with the explosion of digital platforms, privacy concerns have expanded into the virtual realm. This shift has brought new challenges, such as how to manage consent in online environments, what responsibilities companies have to protect user data, and how individuals can regain some control over their personal information in a landscape designed to collect and monetize it.