Dermatopathology is a specialized field of pathology that focuses on the study of skin diseases at a microscopic level. It serves as a bridge between dermatology and pathology, providing critical diagnostic insights into a wide range of cutaneous disorders. Understanding the fundamentals of dermatopathology requires knowledge of skin structure, histopathological techniques, and essential diagnostic tools such as immunohistochemistry.

The skin is the largest organ of the body, serving as a protective barrier against environmental insults, infections, and physical trauma. It consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis, primarily composed of keratinocytes, undergoes continuous renewal through a process called keratinization. The dermis provides structural support and houses blood vessels, nerves, and adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The subcutaneous layer, rich in adipose tissue, functions as insulation and a cushion against mechanical forces. Recognizing the normal histological architecture of these layers is essential for identifying pathological alterations.