The Council of Armagh in 1170, led by St. Gelasius, addressed the consequences of English servitude and the moral failings of both the English and Irish, ultimately advocating for the restoration of freedom to the English in Ireland. The Synod of Cashel in 1172, convened by Christian, Bishop of Lismore, established several reforms for the Irish church, including legitimate marriage, infant baptism, payment of tithes, and protection of ecclesiastical lands from secular demands. The gatherings reflect the intertwining of English authority and the church's role in promoting moral and social order in Ireland.