Medical oncology is a specialized branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer. It involves the use of systemic therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormone therapy, to treat various types of cancer. The field is integral to the multidisciplinary approach to cancer care, working in collaboration with surgeons, radiation oncologists, pathologists, and other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive patient management. Medical oncologists play a central role in coordinating cancer treatment plans and monitoring patients throughout their treatment journey.

Cancer is a complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and spread to other parts of the body. Over the years, advances in the understanding of cancer biology, genetics, and molecular mechanisms have greatly enhanced the ability of medical oncologists to tailor treatments to individual patients. This personalized approach has significantly improved treatment outcomes, making cancer a more manageable condition for many patients.

The scope of medical oncology encompasses a wide range of cancers, including solid tumors, hematologic cancers, and rare malignancies. It involves not only treating cancer but also addressing the psychological, social, and physical challenges that come with a cancer diagnosis. The goal of medical oncology is not only to eradicate cancer cells but also to preserve and improve the patient's quality of life during and after treatment.