The Renaissance marked a transformation in the arts, sciences, and cultures across Europe. Governments became more centralized and stable. However, this doesn't mean warfare waned. Fortifications grew larger and stronger to withstand the barrage from siege weapons. Italian engineers developed the star-shaped fortress to better defend their communities. Guns and cannons became more dependable and powerful. Many trained soldiers became mercenaries who were paid to wage war. Readers will learn about warfare during the Renaissance through dazzling photographs, primary sources, and battle maps from history.