This book examines China's remarkable success in reducing poverty the largest and most significant effort of poverty alleviation in human history. It begins by outlining the background of poverty alleviation in China, systematically analyzing its organizational and policy frameworks, and detailing the implementation models and pathways of targeted poverty alleviation. Next, it addresses the challenges and practices associated with poverty alleviation in China, summarizing the experiences that illustrate not only significant achievements in poverty reduction but also far-reaching political, social, and international implications. Finally, at a pivotal moment in the CPC's pursuit of its second centenary goal, the book connects poverty alleviation with rural revitalization, which is essential for the next phase of agricultural and rural development in China. It offers a forward-looking analysis of relative poverty alleviation and proposes specific strategies to address these challenges.