Art history is the study of art and its development throughout human history. It provides a lens through which we can understand the cultural, political, social, and intellectual movements that have shaped the creative expressions of different eras. Art has always been a reflection of the human experience, offering insights into the beliefs, values, and aspirations of the societies that produced it. From the earliest cave paintings to the most contemporary digital art, the history of art serves as a chronicle of the evolving relationship between humans and their surroundings, both real and imagined.

The role of art in society has changed over the centuries, but it has consistently played a significant part in shaping identity, preserving history, and conveying emotional depth. In earlier times, art was often seen as a way to honor the divine, capture royal power, or tell mythological tales. In more recent history, art has evolved into a means of personal expression, social critique, and exploration of abstract ideas. Understanding art history helps us appreciate the many forms, purposes, and innovations that have emerged throughout different periods and cultures.

The methods used in art history are diverse and multidisciplinary. Art historians examine artworks through several approaches, including formal analysis, iconography, and contextual analysis. Formal analysis focuses on the visual elements of a piece—such as line, shape, color, and texture—to understand how they contribute to its meaning. Iconography is concerned with identifying and interpreting symbols within the artwork, which often reveals deeper cultural or religious significance. Contextual analysis looks at the historical, political, and social contexts in which a work was created, shedding light on its intended meaning and impact.