This chapter discusses challenges and options for developing dedicated organic dairy breeding programmes with a focus on developing cows best suited to low-input production in particular local contexts. It reviews ways of identifying target traits and establishing breeding goals as well as when to develop separate organic breeding lines and how best to integrate phenotypic and genomic data in breeding. The chapter also discusses options for optimising organic breeding programmes such as the potential multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) and the role of crossbreeding.