Narcissism is a term often used to describe individuals who are excessively self-absorbed, lack empathy, and crave admiration. While everyone exhibits some level of self-interest, narcissism exists on a spectrum, ranging from healthy self-confidence to Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), a diagnosable mental health condition. Understanding narcissism requires examining its characteristics, origins, and the myths that often surround it.

At its core, narcissism is marked by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a deep need for validation, and an inability to acknowledge the emotions of others. Narcissists often present themselves as charming, confident, and charismatic, but beneath the surface, they struggle with fragile self-esteem. Their self-worth depends on external validation, making them highly reactive to criticism or perceived rejection.

The origins of narcissistic traits can often be traced back to childhood experiences. Some narcissists are products of excessive praise and entitlement, while others develop these traits as a defense mechanism against neglect or abuse. A child raised in an environment where love is conditional—based on achievement or obedience—may grow up believing their worth is tied to external success rather than intrinsic value. In some cases, narcissistic tendencies are reinforced by societal pressures that prioritize status, power, and material success over genuine emotional connection.