Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect nearly every organ and tissue in the body. It occurs when the immune system, which is meant to protect the body from foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses, mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. This malfunction leads to inflammation and damage in various parts of the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and lungs. The unpredictable nature of lupus, with periods of flare-ups followed by remissions, makes it particularly difficult to diagnose and manage.

Understanding lupus is critical because, despite its widespread prevalence, many people are still unaware of its complexities. The disease often manifests in diverse ways, ranging from mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions. Because lupus shares symptoms with other diseases, it can be challenging to diagnose in its early stages. This makes awareness and early recognition essential for effective management and treatment.