Capitalism is one of the most influential and widely practiced economic systems in the world today. Rooted in the principles of private ownership and free enterprise, it has shaped modern societies and economies for centuries. At its core, capitalism is an economic system where individuals and businesses own and operate the means of production and distribution of goods and services. This ownership is driven by the pursuit of profit, incentivizing innovation, efficiency, and productivity.

The origins of capitalism can be traced back to the decline of feudalism in Europe during the late Middle Ages. As trade expanded and markets grew, the need for a more flexible and dynamic economic structure became apparent. The Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries played a pivotal role in solidifying capitalism as the dominant economic system, introducing mass production and new technologies that revolutionized industries.

The free market is the cornerstone of capitalism. It operates on the principle of supply and demand, where prices are determined by the interaction of buyers and sellers. This self-regulating mechanism, famously referred to as the "invisible hand" by economist Adam Smith, ensures that resources are allocated efficiently and goods are produced in response to consumer needs. Competition among businesses fosters innovation, lowers prices, and improves quality, benefiting consumers and driving economic progress.