This study combines a literature review from a macro perspective and case studies from a micro perspective to reveal the communication and reception of Polish theatre in China, starting from the reception-end to explore the factors that influence the communication of Polish theatre. The literature review provides an overview of the development history and the current situation of Chinese modern theatre, and traces the communication footprint of Polish theatre in the hundred-year development of Chinese theatre on a timeline. The selection of case studies considers two perspectives: theatrical theory, and theatrical productions. Thus, the theatrical concepts of Polish theatre master Jerzy Grotowski and three Polish/Sino-Polish theatrical productions performed on the Chinese theatre stage since the second decade of the new century are selected for study. This study also explores various topics around theatre and cross-cultural communication, such as theater ecology and development, theatrical creation, actors, audience reception, appropriation of cultural resources and cultural tolerance, mediation of values at the reception-end, and the role of language, translation and new media in cross-cultural communication.