From 1961 until 1989, the Berlin Wall stood as a stark symbol of division, not only physically separating the city of Berlin but also representing the broader ideological rift between the East and the West during the Cold War. On August 13, 1961, the German Democratic Republic (GDR), or East Germany, began constructing this formidable barrier. The Wall effectively cut off West Berlin from the rest of East Germany, including East Berlin, solidifying the physical and ideological separation between the communist East and the capitalist West.

The structure itself was much more than just a wall; it was an elaborate system of fortifications. It included massive concrete walls, watchtowers, and a wide expanse known as the "death strip." This zone was equipped with anti-vehicle trenches, barbed wire, and other brutal defenses to prevent East Germans from escaping to the West. The Berlin Wall was not merely a barrier for the sake of separation; it was a powerful representation of the GDR's fear of its citizens escaping the supposedly superior socialist state.