Critical theory is an interdisciplinary approach designed to critique and transform society rather than merely understanding it. Originating from the Frankfurt School in the early 20th century, with key figures like Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, and Herbert Marcuse, critical theory examines how power structures, ideologies, and social conditions shape human experiences.

The scope of critical theory includes an analysis of historical and social contexts that give rise to various forms of domination and oppression. It investigates how historical events and social structures influence contemporary practices and ideologies. A significant focus is on power dynamics and ideological constructs that perpetuate inequality and social injustice, scrutinizing how power operates across politics, economy, and culture.

Critical theory employs an interdisciplinary approach, integrating insights from philosophy, sociology, political science, and cultural studies to provide a comprehensive analysis of social phenomena. It also critiques modernity and its associated ideologies, such as capitalism and positivism, challenging the assumptions and values underlying these systems.