Panic attacks are sudden and intense episodes of overwhelming fear or anxiety. They can arise unexpectedly or in response to specific triggers, and typically reach their peak within minutes. During a panic attack, individuals may experience a rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, and a sense of impending doom or loss of control. Other symptoms can include nausea, stomach pain, chills, or hot flashes.

These attacks can be very distressing, often leading individuals to fear they are having a heart attack or going crazy. Despite their intensity, panic attacks are generally not physically harmful. They can disrupt daily life and lead to avoidance behaviors if untreated. Effective treatments, such as therapy and medication, are available to help manage panic disorder and reduce the frequency and severity of panic attacks.