A feed formulation program is used to determine a compound feed that meets all of its nutritional requirements and is at the lowest possible cost (least cost). This chapter addresses current challenges facing feed formulation programs, including the need to account for sustainability issues as well as the increasing range and volume of high-quality data on feedstuff composition and effects on poultry growth. The chapter discusses solutions such as tools for importing new data into the formulation database, developing linear and non-linear optimizers to handle a greater range and volume of data and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in future feed formulation.