The book is composed of sixteen chapters that systematically describe the fundamental aspects of soil science. The chapters begin with an introduction to the earth crust and composition and then move on to an exploration of soil constituents, soil formation and classification, and soil survey and land use planning. The book also covers soil properties, soil water, temperature, and air, as well as mineral nutrition of plants, including soil fertility and fertilizer usage, and macro and micro-elements in soils and plants. Additionally, the book addresses soil reaction and salt-affected soils, as well as soil conservation. The book is written in a clear and concise language, making it easy to read and understand. It also includes short, easy-to-remember points for quick revision, as well as exercise and practice sections. The widespread occurrence of land degradation is a serious environmental threat and a major global concern in today world. Protecting these finite land resources is essential in the context of food security and environmental stability.