Bessarion (sometimes with the prenomen John of Basil), the famous Greek Orthodox bishop who involved himself in ecumenical dialogue with the Roman Catholic Church composed this work of apologetics, following the failed union of churches at the Council of Florence. He attempts to report on and display the common doctrinal ground that is at the root of East-West Christian dialogue to his fellow Greek bishops, many of whom were living in exile, or under Turkish domination. His primary opponent in this text is the Byzantine scholar Gregory Palamas, who firmly denied the validity of the Latin filoque.