Improving agricultural water management is widely viewed as being crucial to achieving a more environmentally sustainable, resilient and productive agro-food sector. However, how do we reconcile the needs of water for food production with those of the environment and for energy and society – a wicked quadrilemma facing the future of global irrigated agriculture. What needs to be done, and by whom, and what innovations are needed to deliver much-needed solutions to improve agricultural water resources management, allocation and efficiency? This chapter reviews potential solutions in areas such as water resources allocation for agriculture, improving on-farm agricultural practices, improving irrigation water resources management and how best to tackle future climate and water-related climate risks.