This book presents a detailed portrait of the contours of South-South collaboration in the health biotechnology sector. In particular, it casts revealing light on the factors that guide effective scientific partnerships and exchanges.The key findings indicate that the level of South-South collaboration among researchers in health biotechnology remains low but is slowly increasing and that entrepreneurial collaboration seems to be more prevalent. Collaboration has helped to extend capacity in health biotechnology research, manufacturing, and innovation to an increasing number of developing countries and thereby lessened the divide between them. Such collaboration has strongly focused on shared health needs and has helped to increase the availability of more affordable health products and services. Governments and non-governmental organizations have also been able to foster closer ties between researchers by establishing programs and extending funding for collaboration. Nevertheless there is still a lack of dedicated resources.The authors call on governments in developed countries and international or philanthropic organizations to promote South-South collaboration as a means of enhancing development and encouraging global health.