Pigments are substances that impart color to other materials or surfaces through selective absorption and reflection of light. They are finely ground, insoluble particles that are dispersed in a medium to provide color. The chemical composition of pigments can vary widely depending on their type and intended use. However, some common chemical compositions of pigments include metal oxides, organic compounds, inorganic salts, and complex synthetic molecules.

In various industries, pigments play a crucial role in providing color, enhancing appearance, and delivering specific properties to products.