The agri-food supply chains in Asia face multiple challenges and threats, such as malnutrition, environmental degradation and unexpected risks. Here, we suggest possible interventions to improve nutrition and health, increase resource use efficiency and reduce adverse environmental impacts. To comprehensively explore the priority of each stage and potential pathways along the agri-food supply chains, this chapter introduces various interventions for crop production, storage, transportation, processing, consumption, food environment and policy perspectives resulting from an extensive literature review. Furthermore, this research illustrates four case studies in which these interventions are comprehensively estimated or successfully implemented in India, China and Singapore. Improving agri-food supply chains requires synergies along all sections, co-operation among multiple sectors, policy innovations and effective investment.