Natural family planning methods are fertility awareness-based methods used by individuals or couples to either prevent or achieve pregnancy without the use of hormonal contraception or devices. These methods rely on tracking various fertility signs throughout the menstrual cycle to identify fertile and infertile days. Some commonly used natural family planning methods include the Standard Days Method, Calendar Method, Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM), Two-Day Method, Symptothermal Method, Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Method, Cervical Mucus Method, Cervical Position Method, Marquette Method, Billings Ovulation Method, Creighton Model Fertility Care System, and Standard Days PLUS Method.

Advantages of natural family planning methods include their hormone-free and device-free approach, suitability for individuals of all ages, and ability to be used to either prevent or achieve pregnancy. However, these methods come with challenges such as effectiveness, which can vary depending on the method used and the consistency of tracking. Education and support are crucial for effective use, and integrating technology can enhance accuracy. Cultural, religious, and social factors, along with limited research and resources, can also impact accessibility and acceptance of these methods.

Despite challenges, natural family planning methods offer a non-invasive and empowering approach to contraception for individuals who prefer a natural and holistic approach to family planning. Effective use requires commitment, education, and support, as well as consideration of individual circumstances and preferences.