"Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius" is a seminal work by Niccolò Machiavelli, written in the early 16th century. In this book, Machiavelli offers a detailed analysis of the first ten books of Livy's "History of Rome," providing insights into political theory, governance, and the dynamics of power. Machiavelli examines the rise and fall of republics, discusses the virtues necessary for effective leadership, and explores the relationship between fortune and human agency in political affairs.