This contribution on regional ecclesiastical history affords a review to comprehend history of mindset, piety and confessions in Osnabrück from the second half of the 19th century to the early 20th century. As an overall aim, this work outlines the general Catholic-Protestant relations from 1871 to 1918. We provide specific case studies, which are put into historial, religious, societal and ecclesio-political context of the German Empire. In concrete terms, we approach the controversy between Jesuits and the German Empire from 1878 to 1881, the Luther commemoration in 1883, the Katholikentag 1901 als well als the Protestant Reformation anniversary in 1917.