Facing the suffering of civilians in North and South Vietnam and against the background of the global Cold War and of the social and cultural changes in West Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany gave important humanitarian aid to all parts of Vietnam between 1965 and 1973. On the basis of mostly unpublished sources, the present book analysis the complete humanitarian efforts provided by the West German Government, by the traditional welfare organizations (like the German Red Cross Society), by newly founded private aid agencies (like terre des hommes) and by the anti-war protest movement. The aid projects, for instance maintaining a hospital ship in Da Nang or constructing an hospital in the North Vietnamese Vinh Linh district, resulted from different interplays, both co-operations and confrontations, of the West German humanitarian actors. It is the central thesis of the present book that the analyzed forms of interactions to provide aid to Vietnam not only rendered possible one of the largest humanitarian engagements of the West German society but also initiated and institutionalized international humanitarian aid as a new political field of West German foreign relations.