The biography and correspondence of Chuprov are additionally based on many archival sources and newspaper articles and his work is critically described. Becoming a mathematician, he nevertheless stressed the ties between statistics, logic and philosophy without due regards to mathematics. Then, mostly due to his long correspondence with Markov, he became mathematically oriented. Without abandoning statistics or its applications, he had been partly successful in uniting the Biometric school and the Continental direction of statistics. Nowadays, Chuprov is largely forgotten, to a large extent because the history of statistics in general is mostly neglected.