This collection of essays gives an overview on current devel­opments in the field of education in the successor states of ex-Yugoslavia and the Republic of Moldova from the mid 1990s to today. The impact of nation- and state-building processes on the politics of history and on schooling are analysed against the background of the complex social and political transformations that have been taking place in the region; changes that are usually subsumed under the problematic and rather unspecific notion of »transition«. The book engages in such issues like: What is the role of internation­al actors and which impact have interventions in education? What are the preconditions for lasting and sustainable reforms in education? What goals are inscribed in history textbook narratives? The book addresses these questions from an interdisciplinary perspective and offers insights into the complicated and ambiguous developments in the field of education in Southeast Europe during the last decade.