Agriculture is an important source of survival for all living beings because it produces food, feed, fiber, fertilizer and fuel. Modern agriculture evolving various innovative farming techniques improves farmers' income, increase efficiency, help in conservation of natural resources such as water, soil, and energy etc. To secure future of humankind, more emphasis is given to soil and water engineering. Soil and water will play a key role to produce sufficient food for growing population in future. Advancement in the field of science and technology is the driving force of advance research in the field of Indian Agriculture, which will enable the Indian farmers to feed the growing population. This book is written with aim to understand the engineering inputs in modern agriculture for improving production, productivity profitability.