The European Quail, also known as the Common Quail or Coturnix coturnix, is a tiny migratory bird found in Europe, Africa, and parts of Asia. It is a game bird that has been hunted and raised since ancient times for its meat and eggs. This breed is distinguished by its petite plump body, short neck, and round head. The male has beautifully patterned brown and cinnamon plumage, but the female has a more muted brownish colouring.

Throughout history, the Common Quail has been an important bird in many cultures. It was a symbol of love and fertility in ancient Greece and Rome, and quail eggs were even used in religious rites. It is widely prized in modern times for its flesh, which is regarded a delicacy in many nations. Furthermore, its eggs are in high demand, particularly for their rich and savory taste.

Aside from its importance in the food sector, the Common Quail bird has also been essential in scientific study. It has been examined because of its distinct migratory patterns that cover thousands of kilometers. Scientists are also interested in its nesting behaviors, reproductive behavior, and vocalizations. Because of its sensitivity to habitat changes, this bird has been used as an indicator of environmental health.

The conservation of the Common Quail bird is critical since its population has declined in recent years as a result of changes in agricultural practices, habitat degradation, and hunting. This breed is critical to sustaining biodiversity, and its extinction would be disastrous to the ecosystem. As a result, efforts are being made to safeguard and maintain this breed due to its cultural, economic, and environmental significance.