Forensic science, or forensics, is an interdisciplinary field that applies scientific methods and processes to the resolution of legal disputes or investigations. It is a critical aspect of the criminal justice system which plays a vital role in maintaining law and order. Intertwining science with law, forensic science becomes a powerful tool that aids in establishing the guilt or innocence of individuals involved in criminal activities and civil disputes (Saferstein, 2018).

Forensic science uses scientific principles to analyze evidence, test hypotheses, and form conclusions—processes replicated in legal proceedings. It involves many subspecialties such as toxicology, ballistics, fingerprint analysis, DNA profiling, digital forensics, forensic psychology, and many more. Each of these fields contributes to the broader scope of forensic science in unique ways, adding layers of meticulous scrutiny to ensure the integrity of proceedings (Jackson, 2020).

This fascinating discipline has its historical roots in ancient Rome, where the term 'forensic' originated from 'forensic' meaning 'of the forum', relating to the public and judicial affairs held in the contextual public spaces. However, it wasn't until the 19th century that forensic science gained prominence as an established field of study, and a necessary tool in legal settings (Bell, 2013).

The applications of forensic science are vast and encompass a broad range of activities. In criminal investigations, it is utilized to identify the cause, manner, and time of a crime based on the physical evidence left at the scene. It also helps in identifying the individuals involved by analyzing their unique biological and physical attributes.

In civil disputes, forensic science is employed where scientific evidence is required to resolve cases concerning property disputes, accident investigations, determinations of negligence, and more.