This volume contains a selection of papers presented at Euromech Colloquium 308 — Chaos and Noise in Dynamical Systems.Roughly speaking, a chaotic solution to an ordinary differential equation is aperiodic and “looks like” a stochastic process. On the other hand, the theory of probability and stochastic processes was developed to describe complicated irregular phenomena taking place in the real world, which in most cases are chaotic. This observation led to the idea of bringing together experts on both nonlinear chaotic and stochastic systems for the conference. Equal attention was given to recent theoretical results and practical applications.The revised and updated papers in this volume are grouped in the following sections: Theory of Chaotic Systems; Stochastic Systems; Spatiotemporal Systems and Fluid Dynamics; Numerical Tools; and Practical Applications. Each section starts with a short introduction and a brief summary of the presented papers.