Biotechnology is emerging as one of the most innovative technologies in life sciences. It provides a set of tools, which if appropriately integrated with other technologies can be applied for the sustainable development of agriculture. Tissue culture is being used to propagate rapidly difficult root crops and conserve endangered/rare medicinal plants. PCR Technology has made it possible to fingerprint genotypes and understand their genetic relationships in a better way. Genetic transformation through direct and vector mediated gene transfer now makes it possible to incorporate novel genes for desirable traits. The various bioinformatics tools help to interpret the complex data available from various biological experiments. The book has 8 sessions comprising of 148 research articles and papers on the above topics.